Crystal experiments on efficient beam extraction

TL;DR

This paper reports on silicon crystal experiments achieving 85.3% efficiency in extracting 70-GeV protons, validated by Monte Carlo simulations, with implications for accelerator efficiency and beam collimation across various energy scales.

Contribution

The study demonstrates high-efficiency proton extraction using silicon crystals, supported by simulations, and discusses broad future applications in particle accelerators.

Findings

Achieved 85.3% extraction efficiency for 70-GeV protons.

Experimental results closely match Monte Carlo predictions.

Potential for improved accelerator operations and beam collimation.

Abstract

Silicon crystal was channeling and extracting 70-GeV protons from the U-70 accelerator with efficiency of 85.3+-2.8% as measured for a beam of 10^12 protons directed towards crystals of 2 mm length in spills of 1-2 s duration. The experimental data follow very well the prediction of Monte Carlo simulations. This success is important to devise a more efficient use of the U-70 accelerator in Protvino and provides a crucial support for implementation of crystal-assisted collimation of gold ion beam in RHIC and slow extraction from AGS onto E952, now in preparation at Brookhaven Nat'l Lab. Future applications, spanning in the energy from sub-GeV (medical) to order of 1 GeV (scraping in the SNS, extraction from COSY) to order of 1 TeV and beyond (scraping in the Tevatron, LHC, VLHC), can benefit from these studies.