Additives That Prevent Or Reverse Cathode Aging In Drift Chambers With Helium-Isobutane Gas

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that adding oxygen or carbon dioxide to helium-isobutane gas in drift chambers can prevent or reverse cathode aging and breakdown issues, enabling sustained high-rate operation even after damage.

Contribution

It introduces the novel finding that oxygen and carbon dioxide additives can cure and prevent cathode aging in drift chambers, unlike traditional additives.

Findings

Oxygen and CO2 additives enable high-rate operation after damage.

Additives like water or alcohol only temporarily improve performance.

Removing water or alcohol reverts the chamber to low current operation.

Abstract

Noise and Malter breakdown have been studied at high rates in a test chamber having the same cell structure and gas as in the BaBar drift chamber. The chamber was first damaged by exposing it to a high source level at an elevated high voltage, until its operating current at normal voltages was below 0.5nA/cm. Additives such as water or alcohol allowed the damaged chamber to operate at 25 nA/cm, but when the additive was removed the operating point reverted to the original low value. However with 0.02% to 0.05% oxygen or 5% carbon dioxide the chamber could operate at more than 25 nA/cm, and continued to operate at this level even after the additive was removed. This shows for the first time that running with an O2 or CO2 additive at high ionisation levels can cure a damaged chamber from breakdown problems.