Wormhole as the end state of two-dimensional black hole evaporation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a two-dimensional gravity model where black hole evaporation results in a stable wormhole, achieved by boundary conditions that eliminate the singularity and generate exotic matter at the end of evaporation.

Contribution

It proposes a novel end state for black hole evaporation as a wormhole, with specific boundary conditions ensuring energy conservation and the transition from singularity to exotic matter.

Findings

Black hole evaporation can lead to wormhole formation in this model.

Boundary conditions eliminate the singularity and produce exotic matter.

The model maintains energy conservation and metric continuity.

Abstract

We present a specific two-dimensional dilaton gravity model in which a black hole evaporates leaving a wormhole at the end state. As the black hole formed by infalling matter in a initially static spacetime evaporates by emitting Hawking radiation, the black hole singularity that is initially hidden behind a timelike apparent horizon meets the shrinking horizon. At this intersection point, we imposed boundary conditions which require disappearance of the black hole singularity and generation of the exotic matter which is the source of the wormhole as the end state of the black hole. These, of course, preserve energy conservation and continuity of the metric.