Relativistic models for Superconducting-Superfluid Mixtures

TL;DR

This paper develops simplified relativistic models for neutron star matter, treating neutrons, protons, and electrons as coupled superfluid and superconducting components, useful for conservative approximations.

Contribution

It introduces a new class of relativistic three-constituent models for superconducting superfluid mixtures in neutron stars, neglecting dissipative effects.

Findings

Constructed a mesoscopic model for fluid between vortices.

Developed a macroscopic model incorporating average vortex effects.

Provided a framework for realistic approximations in conservative regimes.

Abstract

The material below the crust of a neutron star is understood to be describable in terms of three principal independently moving constituents, identifiable as neutrons, protons, and electrons, of which the first two are believed to form mutually coupled bosonic condensates. The large scale comportment of such a system will be that of a positively charged superconducting superfluid in a negatively charged ``normal'' fluid background. As a contribution to the development of the theory of such a system, the present work shows how, subject to neglect of dissipative effects, it is possible to set up an elegant category of simplified but fully relativistic three-constituent superconducting superfluid models whose purpose is to provide realistic approximations for cases in which a strictly conservative treatment is sufficient. A "mesoscopic" model, describing the fluid between the vortices, is constructed, as well as a "macroscopic" model taking into account the average effect of quantised vortices.