Cosmological particle production and generalized thermodynamic equilibrium

TL;DR

This paper develops a framework for understanding cosmological fluids with particle production using generalized thermodynamic equilibrium, linking particle creation rates to effective viscous pressures and exploring implications for cosmic inflation.

Contribution

It introduces a generalized equilibrium concept for cosmological fluids with particle production, connecting creation rates to viscous pressures and analyzing inflationary implications.

Findings

Creation rate vanishes in massless particle equilibrium.

Creation rate relates to effective viscous pressure.

Power-law inflationary behavior possible under these conditions.

Abstract

With the help of a conformal, timelike Killing-vector we define generalized equilibrium states for cosmological fluids with particle production. For massless particles the generalized equilibrium conditions require the production rate to vanish and the well known ``global'' equilibrium of standard relativistic thermodynamics is recovered as a limiting case. The equivalence between the creation rate for particles with nonzero mass and an effective viscous fluid pressure follows as a consequence of the generalized equilibrium properties. The implications of this equivalence for the cosmological dynamics are discussed, including the possibility of a power-law inflationary behaviour. For a simple gas a microscopic derivation for such kind of equilibrium is given on the basis of relativistic kinetic theory.