Charged particle trajectories in a toroidal magnetic and rotation-induced electric field around a black hole

TL;DR

This paper investigates how spacetime curvature influences electromagnetic fields and charged particle trajectories around black holes, revealing the dominant role of magnetic fields and gravitational effects on particle motion.

Contribution

It provides a numerical analysis of charged particle trajectories in curved spacetime, highlighting the impact of magnetic and electric fields near black holes, which was previously less understood.

Findings

Toroidal magnetic field dominates electric field effects

Particles are repelled from black holes and deconfined from orbits

Gravity reduces gyration radius significantly

Abstract

Trajectories of charged particle in combined poloidal, toroidal magnetic field and rotation-induced unipolar electric field superposed in Schwarzschild background geometry have been investigated extensively in the context of accreting black holes. The main purpose of the paper is to obtain a reasonably well insight on the effect of spacetime curvature to the electromagnetic field surrounding black holes. The coupled equations of motion have been solved numerically and the results have been compared with that for flat spacetime. It is found that the toroidal magnetic field dominates the induced electric field in determining the motion of charged particles in curved spacetime. The combined electromagnetic field repels a charged particle from the vicinity of a compact massive object and deconfines the particle from its orbit. In the absence of toroidal magnetic field the particle is trapped in a closed orbit. The major role of gravitation is to reduce the radius of gyration significantly while the electric field provides an additional force perpendicular to the circular orbit. Although the effect of inertial frame dragging and the effect of magnetospheric plasma have been neglected, the results provide a reasonably well qualitative picture of the important role played by gravitation in modifying the electromagnetic field near accreting black holes and hence the results have potentially important implications on the dynamics of the fluid and the radiation spectrum associated with accreting black holes.