Particle creation and non-adiabatic transitions in quantum cosmology

TL;DR

This paper develops a method to compute transition amplitudes, including pair creation and radiative transitions, in quantum cosmology using a double adiabatic expansion of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, revealing complex phenomena beyond standard approximations.

Contribution

It introduces a double adiabatic approach to solve the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, providing insights into non-unitary effects and matter-gravity couplings in quantum cosmology.

Findings

Derived an exact evolution equation for wave function coefficients.

Identified conditions where unitary evolution aligns with Schrödinger dynamics.

Explored phenomena like Klein paradox and matter state couplings in expanding and contracting universes.

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to compute transitions amplitudes in quantum cosmology, and in particular pair creation amplitudes and radiative transitions. To this end, we apply a double adiabatic development to the solutions of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation restricted to mini-superspace wherein gravity is described by the scale factor $a$. The first development consists in working with instantaneous eigenstates, in $a$, of the matter Hamiltonian. The second development is applied to the gravitational part of the wave function and generalizes the usual WKB approximation. We then obtain an exact equation which replaces the Wheeler-DeWitt equation and determines the evolution, i.e. the dependence in $a$, of the coefficients of this double expansion. When working in the gravitational adiabatic approximation, the simplified equation delivers the unitary evolution of transition amplitudes occurring among instantaneous eigenstates. Upon abandoning this approximation, one finds that there is an additional coupling among matter states living in expanding and contracting universes. Moreover one has to face also the Klein paradox, i.e. the generation of backward waves from an initially forward wave. The interpretation and the consequences of these unusual features are only sketched in the present paper. Finally, the examples of pair creation and radiative transitions are analyzed in detail to establish when and how the above mentioned unitary evolution coincides with the Schr\" odinger evolution.