An Understanding of The Dark Matter in The Universe And The Variation of The Universal Gravitational Constant G With Time

TL;DR

This paper models the universe as a system of fermionic particles, deriving its size, age, and particle count, and estimates the variation of G over time, providing insights into dark matter.

Contribution

It introduces a novel model linking universe parameters with particle mass and G, and estimates G's variation and dark matter explanation.

Findings

Estimated universe age of ~20 billion years.

Calculated total particle number ~2.4 x 10^91.

Found G decreases at -9.6 x 10^-11 yr^-1.

Abstract

Considering the fact that the present universe might have been formed out of a system of ficticious self-gravitating particles, fermionic in nature, each of mass $m$, we are able to obtain a compact expression for the radius $R_0$ of the universe by using a model density distribution $\rho (r)$ for the particles which is singular at the origin. This singularity in $\rho (r)$ can be considered to be consistent with the socalled Big Bang theory of the universe. By assuming that Mach's principle holds good in the evolution of the universe, we determine the number of particles, $N$, of the universe and its $R_0$, which are obtained in terms of the mass $m$ of the constituent particles and the Universal Gravitational constant $G$ only. It is seen that for a mass of the constituent particles $m\simeq 1.07\times 10^{-35} g$ the age of the present universe,$\tau_0$, becomes $\tau_0 \simeq 20\times 10^9 yr$, or equivalently $R_0 \simeq 1.9\times 10^{28} cm $. For this $m$, the total number of particles costituting the present universe is found to be $N \simeq 2.4 \times 10^{91}$ and its total mass $(M \simeq 1.27916 \times 10^{23} M_{\odot})$, $M_{\odot}$ being the solar mass. All these numbers seem to be quantitatively agreeing with those evaluated from other theories. Using the present theory, we have also made an estimation of the variation of the universal gravitational constant $G$ with time which gives $({\dot G \over G}) =-9.6\times 10^{-11} yr^{-1}$. This is again in extremely good agreement with the results of some of the most recent calculations. Lastly, a plausible explanation for the Dark Matter present in today's universe is given.