Some Physical Consequences of Abrupt Changes in the Multipole Moments of a Gravitating Body

TL;DR

This paper uses the Barrabès-Israel theory to demonstrate that abrupt changes in a gravitating body's multipole moments can generate light-like shells and impulsive gravitational waves, with specific effects linked to monopole and quadrupole jumps.

Contribution

It explicitly connects sudden multipole moment changes in static vacuum spacetimes to the generation of light-like shells and impulsive gravitational waves within General Relativity.

Findings

Stress-energy in the shell is dominated by the monopole jump (mass)

Quadrupole moment jumps cause anisotropic stress and generate gravitational waves

Impulsive gravitational waves are associated with changes in the quadrupole moment

Abstract

The Barrab\`es-Israel theory of light-like shells in General Relativity is used to show explicitly that in general a light-like shell is accompanied by an impulsive gravitational wave. The gravitational wave is identified by its Petrov Type N contribution to a Dirac delta-function term in the Weyl conformal curvature tensor (with the delta-function singular on the null hypersurface history of the wave and shell). An example is described in which an asymptotically flat static vacuum Weyl space-time experiences a sudden change across a null hypersurface in the multipole moments of its isolated axially symmetric source. A light-like shell and an impulsive gravitational wave are identified, both having the null hypersurface as history. The stress-energy in the shell is dominated (at large distance from the source) by the jump in the monopole moment (the mass) of the source with the jump in the quadrupole moment mainly responsible for the stress being anisotropic. The gravitational wave owes its existence principally to the jump in the quadrupole moment of the source confirming what would be expected.