Nucleating Black Holes via Non-Orientable Instantons

TL;DR

This paper explores non-orientable instantons in black hole pair creation, classifies their symmetries, and examines how their thermodynamic properties differ from traditional models, potentially aligning better with observed fermions.

Contribution

It introduces the analysis of non-orientable instantons in black hole physics, including their classification, spin structure considerations, and thermodynamic modifications.

Findings

Non-orientable instantons admit pin structures compatible with observed fermions.

Thermodynamic formulas for temperature and entropy are modified for non-orientable black holes.

Classification based on symmetries and orientations provides new insights into black hole pair creation.

Abstract

We extend the analysis of black hole pair creation to include non- orientable instantons. We classify these instantons in terms of their fundamental symmetries and orientations. Many of these instantons admit the pin structure which corresponds to the fermions actually observed in nature, and so the natural objection that these manifolds do not admit spin structure may not be relevant. Furthermore, we analyse the thermodynamical properties of non-orientable black holes and find that in the non-extreme case, there are interesting modifications of the usual formulae for temperature and entropy.