Cosmologies with Photon Creation and the 3K Relic Radiation Spectrum

TL;DR

This paper derives a new photon creation cosmology spectrum compatible with the CMBR, challenging the notion that such models are ruled out by COBE data, and suggests high-redshift CMB temperature measurements as a key test.

Contribution

It introduces a thermodynamics-based derivation of a photon creation cosmology spectrum that aligns with observed CMBR and revises previous constraints on these models.

Findings

Derived a new Planckian spectrum for photon creation cosmologies.

Showed the spectrum remains preserved during universe evolution.

Proposed high-redshift CMB temperature measurements as a critical test.

Abstract

A new Planckian distribution for cosmologies with photon creation is derived using thermodynamics and semiclassical considerations. This spectrum is preserved during the evolution of the universe and compatible with the present spectral shape of the cosmic microwave background radiation(CMBR). Accordingly, the widely spread feeling that cosmologies with continuous photon creation are definitely ruled out by the COBE limits on deviation of the CMBR spectrum from blackbody shape should be reconsidered. It is argued that a crucial test for this kind of cosmologies is provided by measurements of the CMBR temperature at high redshifts. For a given redshift $z$ greater than zero, the temperature is smaller than the one predicted by the standard FRW model.