Studies in Structure Formation in theories with a repulsive long range gravitational force

TL;DR

This paper explores structure formation in alternative gravity theories with a repulsive long-range force, demonstrating how scalar fields can produce stable gravity-balls and analyzing their evolution and spatial distribution.

Contribution

It introduces a model with a dynamically induced, repulsive gravitational constant and shows how scalar fields can create stable, non-topological solitons called gravity-balls.

Findings

Formation of stable gravity-balls through scalar field coupling

Simulation of fragmentation and mutual repulsion of gravity-balls

Identification of parameters influencing distribution correlations

Abstract

This article reports on emergence of structures in a class of alternative theories of gravity. These theories do not have any horizon, flatness, initial cosmological singularity and (possibly) quantization problems. The model is characterised by a dynamically induced gravitational constant with a ``wrong'' sign corresponding to repulsive gravitation on the large scale. A non - minimal coupling of a scalar field in the model can give rise to non - topological solitons in the theory. This results in domains (gravity - balls) inside which an effective, canonical, attractive gravitational constant is induced. We consider simulations of the formation and evolution of such solutions. Starting with a single gravity - ball, we consider its fragmentation into smaller (lower mass) balls - evolving by mutual repulsion. After several runs, we have been able to identify two parameters: the strength of the long range gravitational constant and the size of the gravity balls, which can be used to generate appropriate two point correlations of the distribution of these balls.