One-loop effective potential for SO(10) GUT theories in de Sitter space

TL;DR

This paper applies zeta-function regularization to compute the one-loop effective potential for SO(10) GUT theories in de Sitter space, confirming previous flat-space results and analyzing curvature effects on symmetry-breaking minima.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the one-loop effective potential in de Sitter space for SO(10) GUTs, extending flat-space results and exploring the impact of curvature on symmetry-breaking minima.

Findings

Flat-space limit results are consistent with previous literature.

Curvature effects favor the SO(6)xSO(4) minimum in the early universe.

The early universe is likely to settle in the SO(6)xSO(4) vacuum.

Abstract

Zeta-function regularization is applied to evaluate the one-loop effective potential for SO(10) grand-unified theories in de Sitter cosmologies. When the Higgs scalar field belongs to the 210-dimensional irreducible representation of SO(10), attention is focused on the mass matrix relevant for the SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) symmetry-breaking direction, to agree with low-energy phenomenology of the particle-physics standard model. The analysis is restricted to those values of the tree-level-potential parameters for which the absolute minima of the classical potential have been evaluated. As shown in the recent literature, such minima turn out to be SO(6)xSO(4)- or SU(3)xSU(2)xSU(2)xU(1)-invariant. Electroweak phenomenology is more naturally derived, however, from the former minima. Hence the values of the parameters leading to the alternative set of minima have been discarded. Within this framework, flat-space limit and general form of the one-loop effective potential are studied in detail by using analytic and numerical methods. It turns out that, as far as the absolute-minimum direction is concerned, the flat-space limit of the one-loop calculation about a de Sitter background does not change the results previously obtained in the literature, where the tree-level potential in flat space-time was studied. Moreover, when curvature effects are no longer negligible in the one-loop potential, it is found that the early universe remains bound to reach only the SO(6)xSO(4) absolute minimum.