Particle Spectrum Created Through Bubble Nucleation

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the quantum state and particle spectrum inside a nucleated vacuum bubble during false vacuum decay, using a multi-dimensional wave function formalism and mode-by-mode analysis in flat spacetime.

Contribution

It introduces a new formalism for mode-by-mode analysis of quantum states during vacuum decay, enabling detailed study of particle creation in this context.

Findings

Spectrum of created particles characterized in Milne universe

Mode-by-mode analysis provides detailed evolution of quantum states

Formalism enhances understanding of particle creation during tunneling

Abstract

Using the multi-dimensional wave function formalism, we investigate the quantum state of a scalar field inside a true vacuum bubble nucleated through false vacuum decay in flat spacetime. We developed a formalism which allows us a mode-by-mode analysis. To demonstrate its advantage, we describe in detail the evolution of the quantum state during the tunneling process in terms of individual mode functions and interpret the result in the language of particle creation. The spectrum of the created particles is examined based on quantum field theory in the Milne universe.