Quantum State During and after $O(4)$-Symmetric Bubble Nucleation with Gravitaional Effects

TL;DR

This paper investigates how gravitational effects influence the quantum state during and after $O(4)$-symmetric bubble nucleation, revealing a simple relationship and conformal equivalence in specific cases.

Contribution

It extends previous analyses to include gravity, establishing a relationship between gravitational and non-gravitational cases, and identifies conformal equivalence for certain scalar fields.

Findings

Existence of a simple relationship between cases with and without gravity.

Conformal equivalence in the case of a massless, conformally coupled scalar field.

Extension of quantum state analysis to include gravitational effects.

Abstract

We extend our previous analysis of the quantum state during and after $O(4)$-symmetric bubble nucleation to the case including gravitational effects. We find that there exists a simple relationship between the case with and without gravitational effects. In a special case of a conformally coupled scalar field which is massless except on the bubble wall, the state is found to be conformally equivalent to the case without gravity.