Black hole formation from colliding bubbles

TL;DR

This paper investigates the conditions under which black holes can form from bubble collisions during early universe phase transitions, finding that two bubbles cannot form black holes, but three can focus energy infinitely.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical analysis of bubble collision dynamics, revealing the critical number of bubbles needed for black hole formation in cosmological phase transitions.

Findings

Two colliding bubbles cannot form black holes.

Three colliding bubbles can focus energy infinitely.

Energy concentration depends on the number of colliding bubbles.

Abstract

Some indication of conditions that are necessary for the formation of black holes from the collision of bubbles during a supercooled phase transition in the the early universe are explored. Two colliding bubbles can never form a black hole. Three colliding bubbles can refocus the energy in their walls to the extent that it becomes infinite.