Temperature, Energy, and Heat Capacity of Asymptotically Anti-De Sitter Black Holes

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the thermodynamic properties of asymptotically Anti-de Sitter black holes in (3+1) and (2+1) dimensions, revealing conditions for stability and the role of the cosmological constant.

Contribution

It provides a detailed calculation of energy, temperature, pressure, and heat capacity for AdS black holes, highlighting stability conditions and differences between dimensions.

Findings

Stable black hole solutions exist in both (3+1) and (2+1) dimensions.

Negative heat capacity instantons are present only in (3+1) dimensions.

Stability depends on the cosmological constant being negative.

Abstract

We investigate the thermodynamical properties of black holes in (3+1) and (2+1) dimensional Einstein gravity with a negative cosmological constant. In each case, the thermodynamic internal energy is computed for a finite spatial region that contains the black hole. The temperature at the boundary of this region is defined by differentiating the energy with respect to entropy, and is equal to the product of the surface gravity (divided by~$2\pi$) and the Tolman redshift factor for temperature in a stationary gravitational field. We also compute the thermodynamic surface pressure and, in the case of the (2+1) black hole, show that the chemical potential conjugate to angular momentum is equal to the proper angular velocity of the black hole with respect to observers who are at rest in the stationary time slices. In (3+1) dimensions, a calculation of the heat capacity reveals the existence of a thermodynamically stable black hole solution and a negative heat capacity instanton. This result holds in the limit that the spatial boundary tends to infinity only if the comological constant is negative; if the cosmological constant vanishes, the stable black hole solution is lost. In (2+1) dimensions, a calculation of the heat capacity reveals the existence of a thermodynamically stable black hole solution, but no negative heat capacity instanton.