Quantum Cooling Evaporation Process in Regular Black Holes

TL;DR

This paper explores the thermodynamic behavior of regular black holes, identifying a critical point where temperature peaks and heat capacity changes sign, indicating a quantum cooling evaporation process and an inverse phase transition.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of a maximum temperature point and a phase transition in black hole evaporation, highlighting a quantum cooling process in regular black holes.

Findings

Temperature reaches a maximum during evaporation.

Heat capacity changes from negative to positive infinity.

Evaporation resembles an inverse Hawking-Page phase transition.

Abstract

We investigate a universal behavior of thermodynamics and evaporation process for the regular black holes. We newly observe an important point where the temperature is maximum, the heat capacity is changed from negative infinity to positive infinity, and the free energy is minimum. Furthermore, this point separates the evaporation process into the early stage with negative heat capacity and the late stage with positive heat capacity. The latter represents the quantum cooling evaporation process. As a result, the whole evaporation process could be regarded as the inverse Hawking-Page phase transition.