Cosmology without Einstein's assumption that inertial mass produces gravity

TL;DR

This paper proposes a cosmological model that abandons Einstein's assumption linking inertial and gravitational mass, incorporating both positive and negative mass densities, scalar fields, and drainholes to explain universe expansion phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a revised set of field equations without Einstein's assumption, incorporating negative mass densities and scalar fields, leading to novel cosmological solutions including a big bounce and universe acceleration.

Findings

Fits well with type Ia supernovae data

Explains cosmic acceleration without dark energy

Predicts a universe with a big bounce instead of a big bang

Abstract

Giving up Einstein's assumption, implicit in his 1916 field equations, that inertial mass, even in its appearance as energy, is equivalent to active gravitational mass and therefore is a source of gravity allows revising the field equations to a form in which a positive cosmological constant is seen to (mis)represent a uniform negative net mass density of gravitationally attractive and gravitationally repulsive matter. Field equations with both positive and negative active gravitational mass densities of both primordial and continuously created matter incorporated, along with two scalar fields to `relax the constraints' on the space-time geometry, yield cosmological solutions that exhibit inflation, deceleration, coasting, acceleration, and a `big bounce' instead of a `big bang', and provide good fits to a Hubble diagram of type Ia supernovae data. The repulsive matter is identified as the back sides of the `drainholes' introduced by the author in 1973 as solutions of those same field equations. Drainholes (prototypical examples of `traversable wormholes') are topological tunnels in space which gravitationally attract on their front, entrance sides and repel more strongly on their back, exit sides. The front sides serve both as the gravitating cores of the visible, baryonic particles of primordial matter and as the continuously created, invisible particles of the `dark matter' needed to hold together the large scale structures seen in the universe; the back sides serve as the misnamed `dark energy' driving the current acceleration of the expansion of the universe. Formation of cosmic voids, walls, filaments, and nodes is attributed to expulsion of drainhole entrances from regions populated by drainhole exits, and accumulation of the entrances on boundaries separating those regions.