Characteristics of Quantum Radiation of Slowly Varying Nonstationary Kerr-Newman Black Holes

TL;DR

This paper investigates the quantum radiation properties of slowly varying nonstationary Kerr-Newman black holes, revealing time- and angle-dependent temperature and horizon shape, and establishing a novel relationship between thermal and non-thermal radiation spectra.

Contribution

It introduces a new analysis of quantum radiation in nonstationary Kerr-Newman black holes, highlighting the dependence on time and angle, and uncovers a previously ignored link between thermal and non-thermal radiation spectra.

Findings

Temperature and horizon shape depend on time and angle.

Chemical potential equals the highest energy of negative energy states.

Results reduce to stationary Kerr-Newman black hole conclusions.

Abstract

Quantum radiative characteristics of slowly varying nonstationary Kerr-Newman black holes are investigated by using the method of generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. It is shown that the temperature and the shape of the event horizon of this kind of black holes depend on the time and the angle. Further, we reveal a relationship that is ignored before between thermal radiation and non-thermal radiation, which is that the chemical potential in thermal radiation spectrum is equal to the highest energy of the negative energy state of particles in non-thermal radiation for slowly varying nonstationary Kerr-Newman black holes. Also, we show that the deduced general results can be degenerated to the known conclusion of stationary Kerr-Newman black holes.