Composite dark energy: cosmon models with running cosmological term and gravitational coupling

TL;DR

This paper explores models where both the cosmological constant and gravitational coupling vary, proposing a composite dark energy fluid that can mimic standard models while offering solutions to the coincidence problem.

Contribution

It introduces a generalized framework with running Lambda and G, analyzing a composite dark energy fluid that can cross w=-1 and address the coincidence problem.

Findings

LXCDM models can mimic LCDM behavior

The effective EOS parameter w can cross -1

Models potentially solve the cosmological coincidence problem

Abstract

In the recent literature on dark energy (DE) model building we have learnt that cosmologies with variable cosmological parameters can mimic more traditional DE pictures exclusively based on scalar fields (e.g. quintessence and phantom). In a previous work we have illustrated this situation within the context of a renormalization group running cosmological term, Lambda. Here we analyze the possibility that both the cosmological term and the gravitational coupling, G, are running parameters within a more general framework (a variant of the so-called ``LXCDM models'') in which the DE fluid can be a mixture of a running Lambda and another dynamical entity X (the ``cosmon'') which may behave quintessence-like or phantom-like. We compute the effective EOS parameter, w, of this composite fluid and show that the LXCDM can mimic to a large extent the standard LCDM model while retaining features hinting at its potential composite nature (such as the smooth crossing of the cosmological constant boundary w=-1). We further argue that the LXCDM models can cure the cosmological coincidence problem. All in all we suggest that future experimental studies on precision cosmology should take seriously the possibility that the DE fluid can be a composite medium whose dynamical features are partially caused and renormalized by the quantum running of the cosmological parameters.