Spherical gravitational collapse in N-dimensions

TL;DR

This paper explores how spherically symmetric gravitational collapse in arbitrary dimensions can lead to black holes or naked singularities, depending on initial conditions, without restrictive assumptions, and discusses implications for cosmic censorship.

Contribution

It generalizes gravitational collapse analysis to higher dimensions with a broad class of matter, examining outcomes and stability without simplifying assumptions.

Findings

Collapse outcomes depend on initial data and dimensions.

Higher dimensions influence the likelihood of naked singularities.

The formalism unifies 4D and higher-dimensional collapse analysis.

Abstract

We investigate here spherically symmetric gravitational collapse in a spacetime with an arbitrary number of dimensions and with a general {\it type I} matter field, which is a broad class that includes most of the physically reasonable matter forms. We show that given the initial data for matter in terms of the initial density and pressure profiles at an initial surface $t=t_i$ from which the collapse evolves, there exist rest of the initial data functions and classes of solutions of Einstein equations which we construct here, such that the spacetime evolution goes to a final state which is either a black hole or a naked singularity, depending on the nature of initial data and evolutions chosen, and subject to validity of the weak energy condition. The results are discussed and analyzed in the light of the cosmic censorship hypothesis in black hole physics. The formalism here combines the earlier results on gravitational collapse in four dimensions in a unified treatment. Also the earlier work is generalized to higher dimensional spacetimes to allow a study of the effect of number of dimensions on the possible final outcome of the collapse in terms of either a black hole or naked singularity. No restriction is adopted on the number of dimensions, and other limiting assumptions such as self-similarity of spacetime are avoided, in order to keep the treatment general. Our methodology allows to consider to an extent the genericity and stability aspects related to the occurrence of naked singularities in gravitational collapse.