Gauge-noninvariance of quantum cosmology and vacuum dark energy

TL;DR

This paper explores how gauge-noninvariance in quantum cosmology can explain the evolution of vacuum dark energy, allowing the cosmological constant to transition from a large initial value to a small observed value.

Contribution

It introduces a specific gauge in quantum cosmology where the cosmological constant is quantized, linking gauge choice to the quantum spectrum of dark energy.

Findings

The gauge choice affects the probability distribution of the cosmological constant's value.

Measurements today favor a small value of $\\Lambda$ with high probability.

Transitions between quantum levels of $\Lambda$ may correspond to symmetry-breaking scales.

Abstract

We address the question how to adapt cosmological constant $\Lambda$ for description of a vacuum dark energy density jumping from the big initial value to the small today value suggested by observations. We find such a possibility in the gauge-noninvariance of quantum cosmology which leads to a connection between a choice of the gauge and quantum spectrum for a certain physical quantity which can be specified in the framework of the minisuperspace model. We introduce a particular gauge in which the cosmological constant $\Lambda$ is quantized and show that making a measurement of $\Lambda$ today one can find its small value with the biggest probability, while at the beginning of the evolution, the biggest probability corresponds to its biggest value. Transitions between quantum levels of $\Lambda$ in the course of the Universe evolution, could be related to several scales for symmetry breaking.