The Pioneer Anomaly: Seeking an explanation in newly recovered data

TL;DR

This paper discusses efforts to recover and analyze the complete radio Doppler and telemetry data from Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft to better understand the unexplained constant acceleration known as the Pioneer anomaly.

Contribution

The authors have recovered the full set of Pioneer Doppler and telemetry data and propose a comprehensive analysis strategy to investigate the anomaly's origin.

Findings

Complete Pioneer Doppler data collection is achieved.

Telemetry data progress enables analysis of on-board forces.

Preparation for anomaly origin determination is underway.

Abstract

The Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft yielded very accurate navigation that was limited only by a small, anomalous frequency drift of their carrier signals received by the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN). This discrepancy, evident in the data for both spacecraft, was interpreted as an approximately constant acceleration and has become known as the Pioneer anomaly. The origin of this anomaly is yet unknown. Recent efforts to explain the effect included a search for independent confirmation, analyses of conventional mechanisms, even ideas rooted in new physics, and proposals for a dedicated mission. We assert that before any discussion of new physics and (or) a dedicated mission can take place, one must analyze the entire set of radiometric Doppler data received from Pioneer 10 and 11. We report on our efforts to recover and utilize the complete set of radio Doppler and telemetry records of both spacecraft. The collection of radio Doppler data for both missions is now complete; we are ready to begin its evaluation. We also made progress utilizing the recently recovered Pioneer telemetry data. We present a strategy for studying the effect of on-board generated small forces with this telemetry data, in conjunction with the analysis of the entire set of the Pioneer Doppler data. We report on the preparations for the upcoming analysis of the newly recovered data with the ultimate goal of determining the origin of the Pioneer anomaly. Finally, we discuss implications of our on-going research of the Pioneer anomaly for other missions, most notably for New Horizons, NASA's recently launched mission to Pluto.