Physics of dark energy particles

TL;DR

This paper explores the properties and implications of hypothetical dark energy particles, their potential to form stable structures, and links to fundamental constants, suggesting a connection to the universe's total mass.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of dark energy quanta with minimum mass and density, and estimates their role in cosmic structure and universe mass.

Findings

Minimum mass of dark energy particles estimated around 10^55 g

Dark energy particles could form stable stellar-like configurations

Total universe mass linked to fundamental constants

Abstract

We consider the astrophysical and cosmological implications of the existence of a minimum density and mass due to the presence of the cosmological constant. If there is a minimum length in nature, then there is an absolute minimum mass corresponding to a hypothetical particle with radius of the order of the Planck length. On the other hand, quantum mechanical considerations suggest a different minimum mass. These particles associated with the dark energy can be interpreted as the ``quanta'' of the cosmological constant. We study the possibility that these particles can form stable stellar-type configurations through gravitational condensation, and their Jeans and Chandrasekhar masses are estimated. From the requirement of the energetic stability of the minimum density configuration on a macroscopic scale one obtains a mass of the order of 10^55 g, of the same order of magnitude as the mass of the universe. This mass can also be interpreted as the Jeans mass of the dark energy fluid. Furthermore we present a representation of the cosmological constant and of the total mass of the universe in terms of `classical' fundamental constants.