On the Analytic Structure of a Family of Hyperboloidal Beams of Potential Interest for Advanced LIGO

TL;DR

This paper analyzes a family of hyperboloidal laser beams relevant for advanced LIGO, providing a new mathematical representation and exploring dualities that could inform optical cavity design improvements.

Contribution

It introduces a new Gauss-Laguerre expansion-based representation of hyperboloidal beams and generalizes duality relations between different beam configurations.

Findings

Derived a computationally-efficient beam representation.

Explored the functional relations and dualities between beam types.

Discussed implications for LIGO optical cavity design.

Abstract

For the baseline design of the advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO), use of optical cavities with non-spherical mirrors supporting flat-top ("mesa") beams, potentially capable of mitigating the thermal noise of the mirrors, has recently drawn a considerable attention. To reduce the severe tilt-instability problems affecting the originally conceived nearly-flat, "Mexican-hat-shaped" mirror configuration, K. S. Thorne proposed a nearly-concentric mirror configuration capable of producing the same mesa beam profile on the mirror surfaces. Subsequently, Bondarescu and Thorne introduced a generalized construction that leads to a one-parameter family of "hyperboloidal" beams which allows continuous spanning from the nearly-flat to the nearly-concentric mesa beam configurations. This paper is concerned with a study of the analytic structure of the above family of hyperboloidal beams. Capitalizing on certain results from the applied optics literature on flat-top beams, a physically-insightful and computationally-effective representation is derived in terms of rapidly-converging Gauss-Laguerre expansions. Moreover, the functional relation between two generic hyperboloidal beams is investigated. This leads to a generalization (involving fractional Fourier transform operators of complex order) of some recently discovered duality relations between the nearly-flat and nearly-concentric mesa configurations. Possible implications and perspectives for the advanced LIGO optical cavity design are discussed.