The spin-foam-representation of loop quantum gravity

TL;DR

This paper discusses the development of spin foam models as a path integral approach to background independent quantum gravity within loop quantum gravity, highlighting their mathematical foundations, challenges, and implications for quantum spacetime.

Contribution

It provides a systematic overview of spin foam representations in LQG, clarifying their mathematical structure and addressing open issues like canonical connection and regularization independence.

Findings

Spin foam models are mathematically precise in 2+1 dimensions.

They offer a path integral formulation of LQG.

Open issues include connection to canonical formulation and renormalizability.

Abstract

The problem of background independent quantum gravity is the problem of defining a quantum field theory of matter and gravity in the absence of an underlying background geometry. Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a promising proposal for addressing this difficult task. Despite the steady progress of the field, dynamics remains to a large extend an open issue in LQG. Here we present the main ideas behind a series of proposals for addressing the issue of dynamics. We refer to these constructions as the {\em spin foam representation} of LQG. This set of ideas can be viewed as a systematic attempt at the construction of the path integral representation of LQG. The {\em spin foam representation} is mathematically precise in 2+1 dimensions, so we will start this chapter by showing how it arises in the canonical quantization of this simple theory. This toy model will be used to precisely describe the true geometric meaning of the histories that are summed over in the path integral of generally covariant theories. In four dimensions similar structures appear. We call these constructions {\em spin foam models} as their definition is incomplete in the sence that at least one of the following issues remains unclear: 1) the connection to a canonical formulation, and 2) regularization independence (renormalizability). In the second part of this chapter we will describe the definition of these models emphasizing the importance of these open issues. We also discuss the non standard picture of quantum spacetime that follows from background independence.