BBO and the Neutron-Star-Binary Subtraction Problem

TL;DR

This paper assesses whether the proposed BBO gravitational-wave mission can effectively subtract astrophysical binary foregrounds to detect primordial backgrounds, concluding the current design is sufficient but sensitive to degradation.

Contribution

It introduces a self-consistent scheme to evaluate BBO's capability to subtract binary signals and discusses strategies for residual error mitigation.

Findings

Current BBO baseline should be sufficient for binary subtraction

Degradation by a factor of 2-4 impairs BBO's main mission

Residual errors can be projected out at some bandwidth cost

Abstract

The Big Bang Observer (BBO) is a proposed space-based gravitational-wave (GW) mission designed primarily to search for an inflation-generated GW background in the frequency range 0.1-1 Hz. The major astrophysical foreground in this range is gravitational radiation from inspiraling compact binaries. This foreground is expected to be much larger than the inflation-generated background, so to accomplish its main goal, BBO must be sensitive enough to identify and subtract out practically all such binaries in the observable universe. It is somewhat subtle to decide whether BBO's current baseline design is sufficiently sensitive for this task, since, at least initially, the dominant noise source impeding identification of any one binary is confusion noise from all the others. Here we present a self-consistent scheme for deciding whether BBO's baseline design is indeed adequate for subtracting out the binary foreground. We conclude that the current baseline should be sufficient. However if BBO's instrumental sensitivity were degraded by a factor 2-4, it could no longer perform its main mission. It is impossible to perfectly subtract out each of the binary inspiral waveforms, so an important question is how to deal with the "residual" errors in the post-subtraction data stream. We sketch a strategy of "projecting out" these residual errors, at the cost of some effective bandwidth. We also provide estimates of the sizes of various post-Newtonian effects in the inspiral waveforms that must be accounted for in the BBO analysis.