Evaporation induced traversability of the Einstein--Rosen wormhole

TL;DR

This paper models an evaporating wormhole influenced by semiclassical effects, showing conditions under which it can become traversable and potentially form a time machine, challenging classical expectations.

Contribution

It introduces a semiclassical model of an evaporating wormhole with weak vacuum polarization effects, revealing parameters that enable traversability and time machine formation.

Findings

Certain parameter ranges allow the wormhole to be long-lived and traversable.

The wormhole can evolve into a time machine under specific conditions.

Semiclassical effects can significantly alter wormhole evolution.

Abstract

Suppose, the Universe comes into existence (as classical spacetime) already with an empty spherically symmetric macroscopic wormhole present in it. Classically the wormhole would evolve into a part of the Schwarzschild space and thus would not allow any signal to traverse it. I consider semiclassical corrections to that picture and build a model of an evaporating wormhole. The model is based on the assumption that the vacuum polarization and its backreaction on the geometry of the wormhole are weak. The lack of information about the era preceding the emergence of the wormhole results in appearance of three parameters which -- along with the initial mass -- determine the evolution of the wormhole. For some values of these parameters the wormhole turns out to be long-lived enough to be traversed and to transform into a time machine.