Formation and evaporation of non-singular black holes

TL;DR

This paper presents a model of non-singular black holes that form from vacuum, remain static for a period, and then evaporate, avoiding singularities through a smooth, regular spacetime structure.

Contribution

It introduces a novel non-singular black hole model with dynamic formation and evaporation phases supported by finite density and pressures, avoiding singularities.

Findings

Black holes modeled without singularities.

Dynamic regions described by Vaidya-like solutions.

Black hole evaporation involves negative energy flux.

Abstract

Regular (non-singular) space-times are given which describe the formation of a (locally defined) black hole from an initial vacuum region, its quiescence as a static region, and its subsequent evaporation to a vacuum region. The static region is Bardeen-like, supported by finite density and pressures, vanishing rapidly at large radius and behaving as a cosmological constant at small radius. The dynamic regions are Vaidya-like, with ingoing radiation of positive energy flux during collapse and negative energy flux during evaporation, the latter balanced by outgoing radiation of positive energy flux and a surface pressure at a pair creation surface. The black hole consists of a compact space-time region of trapped surfaces, with inner and outer boundaries which join circularly as a single smooth trapping horizon.