Effects of nonzero neutrino masses on black hole evaporation

TL;DR

This paper investigates how nonzero neutrino masses influence black hole evaporation, revealing different effects depending on neutrino nature and black hole size, with implications for black hole lifetime and radiation.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of neutrino mass effects on Hawking radiation, highlighting differences between Majorana and Dirac neutrinos and black hole mass scales.

Findings

Small black holes' evolution may be unaffected or show increased neutrino emission.

Large black holes exhibit suppressed neutrino emission, extending their lifetime.

Neutrino mass and nature significantly alter black hole evaporation dynamics.

Abstract

We study the consequences of nonzero neutrino masses for black holes evaporating by the emission of Hawking radiation. We find that the evolution of small, hot, black holes may be unaffected (if neutrinos are Majorana particles), or may show an increase in neutrino luminosity and a decrease in lifetime by up to a factor of 1.85 (if neutrinos are Dirac particles). However, for sufficiently large (e.g., stellar mass) black holes, neutrino emission is largely or entirely suppressed, resulting in a decrease in emitted power and an increase in lifetime by up to a factor of 7.5.