Rotating Boson Stars and Q-Balls

TL;DR

This paper studies rotating boson stars and Q-balls, analyzing their properties, existence domains, and the effects of gravity, including flat space limits and strong coupling regimes, with comparisons to spherical cases.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of rotating boson stars and Q-balls, including their properties, existence ranges, and the influence of gravity, extending previous work on non-rotating solutions.

Findings

Boson stars exhibit a spiral-like frequency dependence due to gravity.

Q-balls and boson stars exist only within limited frequency ranges.

Strong gravitational coupling significantly affects their properties.

Abstract

We consider axially symmetric, rotating boson stars. Their flat space limits represent spinning Q-balls. We discuss their properties and determine their domain of existence. Q-balls and boson stars are stationary solutions and exist only in a limited frequency range. The coupling to gravity gives rise to a spiral-like frequency dependence of the boson stars. We address the flat space limit and the limit of strong gravitational coupling. For comparison we also determine the properties of spherically symmetric Q-balls and boson stars.