Statefinders, higher-order energy conditions and sudden future singularities

TL;DR

This paper explores how observational cosmological parameters, called statefinders, relate to sudden future singularities and proposes higher-order energy conditions within Friedmann cosmology to understand these phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a connection between statefinders and sudden singularities and proposes higher-order energy conditions for better understanding of cosmological singularities.

Findings

Link between statefinders and future singularities established

Higher-order energy conditions proposed for Friedmann cosmology

Potential tools for analyzing pressure singularities with finite energy density

Abstract

We link observational parameters such as the deceleration parameter, the jerk, the kerk (snap) and higher-order derivatives of the scale factor, called statefinders, to the conditions which allow to develop sudden future singularities of pressure with finite energy density. In this context, and within the framework of Friedmann cosmology, we also propose higher-order energy conditions which relate time derivatives of the energy density and pressure which may be useful in general relativity.