Black Holes Surrounded by Uniformly Rotating Rings

TL;DR

This paper presents highly accurate numerical solutions for black holes surrounded by uniformly rotating rings, exploring their properties, deformation effects, and relativistic limits in stationary, axially symmetric spacetimes.

Contribution

It introduces advanced numerical methods for modeling black holes with rotating rings and analyzes their physical characteristics in relativistic regimes.

Findings

Configurations can reach an inner mass-shedding limit as the central mass increases.

The event horizon deformation due to the ring is demonstrated.

An example system exceeds the angular momentum to mass squared ratio of one.

Abstract

Highly accurate numerical solutions to the problem of Black Holes surrounded by uniformly rotating rings in axially symmetric, stationary spacetimes are presented. The numerical methods developed to handle the problem are discussed in some detail. Related Newtonian problems are described and numerical results provided, which show that configurations can reach an inner mass-shedding limit as the mass of the central object increases. Exemplary results for the full relativistic problem for rings of constant density are given and the deformation of the event horizon due to the presence of the ring is demonstrated. Finally, we provide an example of a system for which the angular momentum of the central Black Hole divided by the square of its mass exceeds one.