Induced Phantom and 5D Attractor Solution in Space-Time-Matter Theory

TL;DR

This paper explores 5D Ricci-flat cosmological models in Space-Time-Matter theory, demonstrating they can reproduce 4D dark energy behaviors, including phantom and quintessence, and analyzing their stability and singularity features.

Contribution

It shows that 5D Ricci-flat solutions can recover 4D dark energy models and identifies a new spacetime singularity associated with phantom-dominated universes.

Findings

4D quintessence and phantom models are derived from 5D solutions.

The late-time attractor solutions lead to a finite-time singularity.

Phantom repulsive force may explain cosmological bounce phenomena.

Abstract

In Spacetime-Matter theory we assume that the 4D induced matter of the $5D $ Ricci-flat bouncing cosmological solutions contains a perfect fluid as well as an induced scalar field. Then we show that the conventional 4D quintessence and phantom models of dark energy could be recovered from the $5D$ cosmological solutions. By using the phase-plane analysis to study the stability of evolution of the $5D$ models, we find that the conventional 4D late-time attractor solution is also recovered. This attractor solution shows that the scale factors of the phantom dominated universes in both the 4D and $5D$ theories will reach infinity in a finite time and the universes will be ended at a new kind of spacetime singularity at which everything will be annihilated. We also find that the repulsive force of the phantom may provide us with a mechanics to explain the bounce.