Confusion Noise from Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals

TL;DR

This paper estimates the confusion noise from unresolved extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) for LISA, showing it could modestly increase the noise level and affect detection sensitivity depending on capture rates.

Contribution

It provides the first estimates of the shape and magnitude of confusion noise from EMRIs, considering a range of capture rates and their impact on LISA's sensitivity.

Findings

Confusion noise could increase LISA's noise by up to a factor of 2.

Impact varies with capture rate estimates, from negligible to modest.

Higher capture rates imply near-maximum detection potential for EMRIs.

Abstract

Captures of compact objects (COs) by massive black holes in galactic nuclei (aka ``extreme-mass-ratio inspirals'') will be an important source for LISA. However, a large fraction of captures will not be individually resolvable, and so will constitute a source of ``confusion noise,'' obscuring other types of sources. Here we estimate the shape and overall magnitude of the spectrum of confusion noise from CO captures. The overall magnitude depends on the capture rates, which are rather uncertain, so we present results for a plausible range of rates. We show that the impact of capture confusion noise on the total LISA noise curve ranges from insignificant to modest, depending on these rates. Capture rates at the high end of estimated ranges would raise LISA's overall (effective) noise level by at most a factor $\sim 2$. While this would somewhat decrease LISA's sensitivity to other classes of sources, it would be a pleasant problem for LISA to have, overall, as it would also imply that detection rates for CO captures were at nearly their maximum possible levels (given LISA's baseline design).