False Vacuum Lumps with Fermions

TL;DR

This paper investigates stable false vacuum lumps with fermions in their core, analyzing their properties and stability in flat spacetime through energetic considerations and fermion gas models.

Contribution

It introduces a model of false vacuum lumps with fermions coupled via Yukawa interaction, exploring their stability and properties in both relativistic regimes.

Findings

Lumps are stable against spherical collapse and shape deformation.

Mass and size depend on scalar potential scale and fermion density.

Stability analyzed using energetics and fermion gas models.

Abstract

This paper studies false vacuum lumps surrounded by the true vacuum in a real scalar field potential in flat spacetime. Fermions reside in the core of the lump, which are coupled with the scalar field via Yukawa interaction. Such lumps are stable against spherical collapse and deformation from spherical shape based on energetics considerations. The fermions inside the lump are treated as a uniform Fermi gas. We consider the Fermi gas in both ultrarelativistic and nonrelativistic limits. The mass and size of these lumps depend on the scale characterizing the scalar field potential as well as the mass density of the fermions.