Binary black hole spacetimes with a helical Killing vector

TL;DR

This paper investigates binary black hole spacetimes with a helical Killing vector using a projection formalism, revealing their non-asymptotic flatness and oscillatory behavior at infinity, which challenges traditional notions of null infinity.

Contribution

It introduces a formalism for analyzing such spacetimes and demonstrates their non-asymptotic flatness with oscillatory asymptotic behavior, providing new insights into their structure.

Findings

Spacetime is not asymptotically flat with smooth null infinity.

Metric functions exhibit oscillatory behavior at spatial infinity.

No well-defined asymptotic multipoles in non-axisymmetric cases.

Abstract

Binary black hole spacetimes with a helical Killing vector, which are discussed as an approximation for the early stage of a binary system, are studied in a projection formalism. In this setting the four dimensional Einstein equations are equivalent to a three dimensional gravitational theory with a $SL(2,\mathbb{C})/SO(1,1)$ sigma model as the material source. The sigma model is determined by a complex Ernst equation. 2+1 decompositions of the 3-metric are used to establish the field equations on the orbit space of the Killing vector. The two Killing horizons of spherical topology which characterize the black holes, the cylinder of light where the Killing vector changes from timelike to spacelike, and infinity are singular points of the equations. The horizon and the light cylinder are shown to be regular singularities, i.e. the metric functions can be expanded in a formal power series in the vicinity. The behavior of the metric at spatial infinity is studied in terms of formal series solutions to the linearized Einstein equations. It is shown that the spacetime is not asymptotically flat in the strong sense to have a smooth null infinity under the assumption that the metric tends asymptotically to the Minkowski metric. In this case the metric functions have an oscillatory behavior in the radial coordinate in a non-axisymmetric setting, the asymptotic multipoles are not defined. The asymptotic behavior of the Weyl tensor near infinity shows that there is no smooth null infinity.