Ultra-stable performance of an underground-based laser interferometer observatory for gravitational waves

TL;DR

This paper reports on the development and successful operation of an underground laser interferometer gravitational wave observatory, demonstrating enhanced stability and sensitivity suitable for long-term astrophysical observations.

Contribution

It introduces an underground gravitational wave detector with improved stability, showcasing the feasibility of underground sites for future GW observatories.

Findings

Ultra-stable operation achieved in underground environment

Maintained antenna sensitivity over long-term observations

Demonstrated feasibility of underground GW detection sites

Abstract

In order to detect the rare astrophysical events that generate gravitational wave (GW) radiation, sufficient stability is required for GW antennas to allow long-term observation. In practice, seismic excitation is one of the most common disturbances effecting stable operation of suspended-mirror laser interferometers. A straightforward means to allow more stable operation is therefore to locate the antenna, the ``observatory'', at a ``quiet'' site. A laser interferometer gravitational wave antenna with a baseline length of 20m (LISM) was developed at a site 1000m underground, near Kamioka, Japan. This project was a unique demonstration of a prototype laser interferometer for gravitational wave observation located underground. The extremely stable environment is the prime motivation for going underground. In this paper, the demonstrated ultra-stable operation of the interferometer and a well-maintained antenna sensitivity are reported.