Binary-pulsar tests of strong-field gravity and gravitational radiation damping

TL;DR

Binary-pulsar observations provide stringent tests of strong-field gravity theories, especially tensor-scalar models, by detecting gravitational radiation damping effects that differ from general relativity, with recent data tightening constraints.

Contribution

This paper reviews recent binary-pulsar data constraints on tensor-scalar gravity theories, highlighting their ability to rule out models indistinguishable from GR in the solar system.

Findings

Binary-pulsar data strongly constrain tensor-scalar gravity theories.

PSR J1141-6545 now provides constraints comparable to solar-system tests.

Scalar-field effects are negligible for LIGO and VIRGO gravitational wave detection.

Abstract

This talk reviews the constraints imposed by binary-pulsar data on gravity theories, focusing on ``tensor-scalar'' ones which are the best motivated alternatives to general relativity. We recall that binary-pulsar tests are qualitatively different from solar-system experiments, because of nonperturbative strong-field effects which can occur in compact objects like neutron stars, and because one can observe the effect of gravitational radiation damping. Some theories which are strictly indistinguishable from general relativity in the solar system are ruled out by binary-pulsar observations. During the last months, several impressive new experimental data have been published. Today, the most constraining binary pulsar is no longer the celebrated (Hulse-Taylor) PSR B1913+16, but the neutron star-white dwarf system PSR J1141-6545. In particular, in a region of the ``theory space'', solar-system tests were known to give the tightest constraints; PSR J1141-6545 is now almost as powerful. We also comment on the possible scalar-field effects for the detection of gravitational waves with future interferometers. The presence of a scalar partner to the graviton might be detectable with the LISA space experiment, but we already know that it would have a negligible effect for LIGO and VIRGO, so that the general relativistic wave templates can be used securely for these ground interferometers.