Gravitational collapse from smooth initial data with vanishing radial pressure

TL;DR

This paper investigates how smooth initial conditions in spherical gravitational collapse can lead to either black holes or naked singularities, emphasizing the decisive role of initial density, pressure, and velocity profiles.

Contribution

It introduces a tangential pressure model with smooth initial data to explicitly analyze the collapse outcomes in terms of initial parameters.

Findings

Both black holes and naked singularities can form from smooth initial data.

The collapse outcome depends solely on initial density, pressure, and velocity profiles.

Explicit relation between initial conditions and final collapse state is established.

Abstract

We study here the spherical gravitational collapse assuming initial data to be necessarily smooth, as motivated by the requirements based on physical reasonableness. A tangential pressure model is constructed and analyzed in order to understand the final fate of collapse explicitly in terms of the density and pressure parameters at the initial epoch from which the collapsedevelops. It is seen that both black holes and naked singularities are produced as collapse end states even when the initial data is smooth. We show that the outcome is decided entirely in terms of the initial data, as given by density, pressure and velocity profiles at the initial epoch, from which the collapse evolves.