Detection of a close supernova gravitational wave burst in a network of interferometers, neutrino and optical detectors

TL;DR

This paper explores methods for detecting gravitational wave bursts from supernovae by combining signals from interferometers, neutrino, and optical detectors, emphasizing realistic scenarios and multi-messenger approaches.

Contribution

It presents realistic detection strategies for supernova GW bursts using multi-messenger data, considering both direct searches and event confirmation, based on current knowledge and simulations.

Findings

Network analysis improves detection confidence.

Multi-messenger signals enable confirmation of supernova events.

Potential for wide-ranging astrophysical discoveries.

Abstract

Trying to detect the gravitational wave (GW) signal emitted by a type II supernova is a main challenge for the GW community. Indeed, the corresponding waveform is not accurately modeled as the supernova physics is very complex; in addition, all the existing numerical simulations agree on the weakness of the GW emission, thus restraining the number of sources potentially detectable. Consequently, triggering the GW signal with a confidence level high enough to conclude directly to a detection is very difficult, even with the use of a network of interferometric detectors. On the other hand, one can hope to take benefit from the neutrino and optical emissions associated to the supernova explosion, in order to discover and study GW radiation in an event already detected independently. This article aims at presenting some realistic scenarios for the search of the supernova GW bursts, based on the present knowledge of the emitted signals and on the results of network data analysis simulations. Both the direct search and the confirmation of the supernova event are considered. In addition, some physical studies following the discovery of a supernova GW emission are also mentioned: from the absolute neutrino mass to the supernova physics or the black hole signature, the potential spectrum of discoveries is wide.