Critical collapse of a massive vector field

TL;DR

This paper investigates the critical gravitational collapse of a massive vector field through numerical simulations, revealing two distinct critical solutions: one similar to the massless scalar field case and a new periodic solution.

Contribution

It identifies and characterizes two critical solutions in massive vector field collapse, including a novel periodic solution not previously documented.

Findings

Discovery of two critical solutions in massive vector field collapse

Identification of a solution equivalent to the Choptuik scalar field critical solution

Revelation of a new periodic critical solution

Abstract

We perform numerical simulations of the critical gravitational collapse of a massive vector field. The result is that there are two critical solutions. One is equivalent to the Choptuik critical solution for a massless scalar field. The other is periodic.