Spherical collapse with heat flow and without horizon

TL;DR

This paper introduces a model of a heat-conducting collapsing sphere that radiates energy without forming a horizon, demonstrating that energy is radiated away at the same rate as it is generated, preventing horizon formation.

Contribution

It provides a new class of solutions for collapsing fluids that radiate energy without horizon formation, expanding understanding of gravitational collapse scenarios.

Findings

Sphere radiates energy during collapse without horizon formation

Energy radiates out at the same rate as it is generated

No energy accumulation occurs during collapse

Abstract

We present a class of solutions for a heat conducting fluid sphere, which radiates energy during collapse without the appearance of horizon at the boundary at any stage of the collapse. A simple model shows that there is no accumulation of energy due to collapse since it radiates out at the same rate as it is being generated.