Boson Stars with Self-Interacting Quantum Scalar Fields

TL;DR

This paper explores the formation and properties of boson stars formed from self-interacting quantum scalar fields, demonstrating their static solutions and analyzing their mass differences compared to classical counterparts.

Contribution

It introduces non-oscillating quantum scalar field solutions for boson stars and compares their properties with classical and complex scalar field models.

Findings

Quantum scalar fields can form static boson star solutions.

Mass differences between quantum and classical boson stars are analyzed.

A potential formation process during early universe phase transitions is proposed.

Abstract

The Klein-Gordon-Einstein equations of classical real scalar fields have time-dependent solutions (periodic in time). We show that quantum real scalar fields can form non-oscillating (static) solitonic objects, which are quite similar to the solutions describing boson stars formed with classical and quantum complex scalar fields (the latter will be studied in this paper). We numerically analyze the difference between them concerning the mass of boson stars. On the other hand, we suggest an interesting test (a viable process that the boson star may undergo in the early universe) for the formation of boson stars. That is, it is questioned that after a second-order phase transition (a simple toy model will be considered here), what is the fate of the boson star composed of quantum real scalar field.