What role pressures play to determine the final end-state of gravitational collapse?

TL;DR

This paper investigates how pressure gradients influence the end-state of gravitational collapse, showing that they determine the timing of trapped surface formation and alter the causal structure near singularities.

Contribution

It demonstrates that non-zero pressure gradients directly affect the formation epoch of trapped surfaces and the causal structure in gravitational collapse.

Findings

Pressure gradients influence the timing of trapped surface formation.

Pressure affects the causal structure near singularities.

Pressure gradients can alter the end-state of collapse.

Abstract

We examine here in what way the pressures affect the final fate of a continual gravitational collapse. It is shown that the presence of a non-vanishing pressure gradient in the collapsing cloud determines directly the epoch of formation of trapped surfaces and the apparent horizon, thus changing the causal structure in the vicinity of singularity.