Thermodynamics and/of Horizons: A Comparison of Schwarzschild,RINDLER and desitter Spacetimes

TL;DR

This paper unifies the understanding of temperature, entropy, and evaporation across different spacetimes with horizons, using a general approach that applies to Schwarzschild, Rindler, and de Sitter spacetimes, revealing common features and conceptual issues.

Contribution

It provides a unified derivation of horizon temperature, maps QFT near horizons to conformal field theories, and clarifies entropy and energy interpretations across various spacetimes.

Findings

Horizon temperature arises from purely kinematic considerations.

QFT near horizons maps to conformal field theory without string theory.

Partition function form and entropy-energy relations are derived for spherically symmetric spacetimes.

Abstract

The notions of temperature, entropy and `evaporation', usually associated with spacetimes with horizons, are analyzed using general approach and the following results, applicable to different spacetimes, are obtained at one go. (i) The concept of temperature associated with the horizon is derived in a unified manner and is shown to arise from purely kinematic considerations. (ii) QFT near any horizon is mapped to a conformal field theory without introducing concepts from string theory. (iii) For spherically symmetric spacetimes (in D=1+3) with a horizon at r=l, the partition function has the generic form $Z\propto \exp[S-\beta E]$, where $S= (1/4) 4\pi l^2$ and $|E|=(l/2)$. This analysis reproduces the conventional result for the blackhole spacetimes and provides a simple and consistent interpretation of entropy and energy for deSitter spacetime. (iv) For the Rindler spacetime the entropy per unit transverse area turns out to be (1/4) while the energy is zero. (v) In the case of a Schwarzschild black hole there exist quantum states (like Unruh vacuum) which are not invariant under time reversal and can describe blackhole evaporation. There also exist quantum states (like Hartle-Hawking vacuum) in which temperature is well-defined but there is no flow of radiation to infinity. In the case of deSitter universe or Rindler patch in flat spacetime, one usually uses quantum states analogous to Hartle-Hawking vacuum and obtains a temperature without the corresponding notion of evaporation. It is, however, possible to construct the analogues of Unruh vacuum state in the other cases as well. Associating an entropy or a radiating vacuum state with a general horizon raises conceptual issues which are briefly discussed.