The black hole tunnel phenomenon

TL;DR

This paper investigates the tunneling phenomena of particles in Kerr-Newman black holes, revealing conditions under which different particles can escape or are confined, with implications for black hole physics.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of tunneling potentials in Kerr-Newman black holes and identifies specific conditions affecting particle escape, including rotation and extremality.

Findings

Photons can tunnel out of non-extremely rotating Kerr black holes.

Neutrinos, electrons, and gravitons cannot tunnel out of such black holes.

Extremal rotation allows all particles to tunnel out under certain conditions.

Abstract

The potentials of spin-weighted wave equations in various Kerr-Newman black holes are analyzed. They all form singular potential barriers at the event horizon. Applying the WKB approximation it is shown that no particle can tunnel out of the interior of a static black hole. However, photons inside a non-extremely rotating Kerr black hole may tunnel out into the outer space, whereas neutrinos, electrons, and gravitons may not. If the rotation is extremal, any particle may tunnel out, under restrictive conditions. It is unknown whether photons and gravitons may tunnel out if the black hole is charged and rotating.