Optimal detection of burst events in gravitational wave interferometric observatories

TL;DR

This paper introduces an optimal, computationally efficient statistic for detecting unknown-shaped burst signals in gravitational wave data, applicable to single and multiple detectors with Gaussian noise.

Contribution

It generalizes the excess power statistic for arbitrary noise spectra and multiple detectors, providing detailed implementation methods for real-time gravitational wave burst detection.

Findings

The proposed statistic is optimal for Gaussian noise with arbitrary spectral characteristics.

Implementation strategies enable real-time analysis of interferometric data.

Application example shows sensitivity to delta-function bursts.

Abstract

We consider the problem of detecting a burst signal of unknown shape. We introduce a statistic which generalizes the excess power statistic proposed by Flanagan and Hughes and extended by Anderson et al. The statistic we propose is shown to be optimal for arbitrary noise spectral characteristic, under the two hypotheses that the noise is Gaussian, and that the prior for the signal is uniform. The statistic derivation is based on the assumption that a signal affects only affects N samples in the data stream, but that no other information is a priori available, and that the value of the signal at each sample can be arbitrary. We show that the proposed statistic can be implemented combining standard time-series analysis tools which can be efficiently implemented, and the resulting computational cost is still compatible with an on-line analysis of interferometric data. We generalize this version of an excess power statistic to the multiple detector case, also including the effect of correlated noise. We give full details about the implementation of the algorithm, both for the single and the multiple detector case, and we discuss exact and approximate forms, depending on the specific characteristics of the noise and on the assumed length of the burst event. As a example, we show what would be the sensitivity of the network of interferometers to a delta-function burst.