Are the String and Einstein Frames Equivalent

TL;DR

This paper investigates whether the two conformally related frames in string theory's low energy physics are physically distinguishable, addressing the longstanding question of their equivalence.

Contribution

It provides an analysis of the physical implications of the string and Einstein frames, exploring conditions under which they may or may not be equivalent.

Findings

The two frames can be physically distinguishable in certain scenarios.

Conformal transformations may have observable consequences.

The equivalence of frames depends on specific physical conditions.

Abstract

The low energy physics as predicted by strings can be expressed in two (conformally related) different variables, usually called {\em frames}. The problem is raised as to whether it is physically possible in some situations to tell one from the other.